KUMAR'S HYPOTHESIS: Prof.(Dr) Arbind Kumar

Kumar's Hypothesis Published by Elsevier Inc (New York, Amsterdam, Oxford, Cambridge (USA), 2017) in the chapter 5.9 of a multidisciplinary book "Investigating Seafloors and Oceans" authored by Dr. Antony Joseph (p 286-292) has established a correlation between biological organization at microscopic level and astronomical organization at macroscopic level; and found an underlying unifying relationship between two seemingly different disciplines of science. Based on the latest estimates, there exist about 8.7 土1.3 million different species of organisms on Earth; at the cellular and molecular levels, there is a unique master plan of organization common to all. All organisms have the cells as their basic structural and functional unit and all have essentially the same genetic code made of DNA. The light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic studies have shown that cells of a particular type are organized together to form a tissue of specialized function, and different tissues are organized to form organs to perform a particular function in an organism. There is also a definite organizational plan in our solar system and galaxy, other galaxies, and cluster of galaxies of the expanding universe as revealed by telescopic and astrophysical investigations in every band of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, little has been done to investigate a relationship between the microscopic organization of living organisms and the astronomical organization. My investigation implies that the two parts of nature—biological world down to microscopic level and physical world at macroscopic level—are intimately correlated; a fact which has always been overlooked. The investigation points out a definite correlation between the organizational plan of DNA molecule and cells during organic evolution and the organizational plan of our solar system during inorganic evolution.

The following equation, showing the correlation between the genetic code of DNA molecule and the apparent motion of the Sun—due to Earth's revolution around the Sun—has been derived by me and reported:

(64 - K) / 20 = 339 / 107.65

where 64 = number of codons;

20 = number of amino acids; 

K = astro-molecular constant derived in my paper; 

339 = number of disks of the sun to measure its apparent path along the ecliptic in the celestial sphere between the two equinoxes;

107.65 = average distance of the sun in terms of its own diameter from Earth.

All living organisms on the earth share the same 64 codons and 20 amino acids. 

The above equation correlates the biological molecular data with the astronomical data, thereby implying a common organizational plan of the DNA molecule and our solar system, probably due to the influence of a common governing force, that is, gravitational force and waves. In the framework of  Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, the properties of space, time, and gravitation are merged into one harmonious and elegant picture. Albert Einstein propounded the idea of gravitational curvature of the four-dimensional space-time continuum. This correlation also suggests that all natural self-assembly—from microscopic to macroscopic world (microcosm to macrocosm)—are probably influenced and controlled by gravitational curvature of space-time, as for example, self-assembly of the solar system and DNA double helical molecule. Scientists have long used mathematics to describe the physical properties of the universe. But cosmologist Max Tegmark believes that the universe itself is mathematics. In Tegmark's view, everything in the universe, humans included, is part of a mathematical structure. In his book, “OurMathematical Universe,” the M.I.T. physicist Max Tegmark describes two important aspects—one is an informative survey of exciting recent developments in astrophysics and quantum theory, and the other is a discussion of his innovative idea that reality itself is a mathematical structure. My proposition is that DNA and life originated and evolved in the gravitational curvature of the fabric of space-time caused by the sun's large mass and Earth's mass as proposed in Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. It is truly gratifying that Einstein's last prediction about gravitational waves was confirmed on February 11, 2016, a century after his prediction. The world line (path of an object in Einstein's space–time) of orbital motion of the Earth is a helix and geodesic (curved 4-dimensional space-time). It is tempting to speculate that there could be a correlation between the helical world line of Earth's orbital motion and the helical structure of the DNA molecule, which is the first self-reproducing double-helical molecule to have formed in the beginning of evolution of life. The large gravitational force, due to the curvature of Einstein's space-time, exerted by the sun not only holds the members of the solar system together, but also causes them to take part in its true movement, that is, a movement relative to the adjacent fixed stars and a revolution (cosmic year) about the center of the galactic system, which itself is moving in the space. It is interesting to propose that cosmic year might cause biological rhythms (cosmic rhythms) on the Earth in a large scale of time. We know that the diurnal rhythms (circadian rhythms) and annual rhythms observed in the activities, distribution and physiology of the living organisms are related to the time of the day on a 24-h basis (due to rotation of the Earth) and season of the year (due to revolution of the Earth around the sun, and the Earth's axis being tilted by 23.5 degrees with respect to the ecliptic).The data of my investigation shows that the microscopic numbers—that is, the number of codons in the genetic code of DNA, number of amino acids specified by these codons, which are common to all organisms—are functions of the astronomical numbers as shown in the above equation. It also implies a close relationship between the organizational plan of DNA molecule, cells, tissues, organs, and the whole body of the organisms during organic evolution and the organizational plan of different planets in the solar system, galaxies, cluster of galaxies, and the whole universe during inorganic evolution. If intelligent life exists elsewhere in the cosmos, it is likely that the basic structural organization of genetic code and cell, tissue, and organ systems would be the same as on Earth because of the universal gravity acting in the cosmic fabric of space-time. Several works on supermassive star have opened up a new field in astrophysics, called relativistic astrophysics, where Newtonian gravity is replaced by  Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. Einstein has also suggested that gravitational fields play an essential role in the elementary formations which go to make up the atom. Different combinations of the same atoms, obeying the same laws, compose both the inanimate and the living worlds. The evidence has been presented that virtually all electrons and nuclei of the atoms, that are or have been part of living matter on Earth, come from almost all stars in our and nearby galaxies, and even from all other galaxies in the universe. Many scientists, who believe in an underlying order in nature, search for an ultimate, unifying principle in the physical sciences as well as in biological sciences. My astrobiological investigation suggests gravitational force and waves due to warping of the cosmic fabric of space-time as a unifying force/entity between the biological science and physical/astrophysical/chemical sciences. Thus, we see a close correlation between the microscopic world (microcosm) and the astronomical world (macrocosm). Inorganic evolution of the physical universe and organic evolution of biological universe may be seen to represent nothing but two different facets of the same cosmological phenomenon called gravitation due to warping in the fabric of Einstein's space-time continuum. The just-mentioned astrobiological investigation suggests a possible continuity from microcosm to macrocosm—that is, from the tiny world of the atom to the vastness of universe through the integrated levels of organization, including all living organisms. These findings may open new vistas in our understanding of the origin, evolution, and structural organization of the universe. The advent of a new generation of astronomical instruments opens new windows for the astronomers, and may call for major revisions in the standard view of cosmology. My proposition is that an extensive and well-coordinated work between different types of microscopes and telescopes would be able to reveal more mysteries enveloping the microcosm and macrocosm; and thus further bridging the presently existing gaps between various scientific disciplines, such as biology, chemistry, and astronomy/astrophysics. The organization of life is key to the organization of physical universe. I propose that knowing the biology better would solve the mysteries of the universe better. 

As a post-doctoral investigator in the department of anatomy at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, the Light, Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic structures of different types of cells and tissues observed during my studies and their comparison with telescopic pictures of our solar system and galaxy, other galaxies, cluster of galaxies in the universe taken by me and others, implies that the physical universe very much resembles the living system. Astronomers have taken the pictures of interconnecting filaments of star clusters and clusters of galaxies that form the texture of the universe and connect our galaxy to the vast expanse of the universe. One of these filaments of groups of galaxies and star clusters surrounded by immense voids is considered to be akin to the umbilical cord that fed our galaxy during its youth. Many phenomena—involving stars, nebulae, galaxies, cluster of galaxies, and black holes—occurring in the universe, seems to be analogous to the phenomena occurring in the living system. These analogies existing on the two different scales of space and time might appear unrelated initially. DNA, the blueprint of all living organisms on the earth, is involved in the structural organizations and all vital functions, such as protein synthesis and production of energy. It is tempting to speculate that the universe may have a blueprint for structural organizations and functions of the universe. A new and exciting vista is open for the exploration of the universe and biomedical science.